They served together with Spartiates in the army, but they could not reach senior military positions. Oligarchy Sparta always had two kings, the state was ruled by two hereditary kings of the Agiad and Eurypontid families (probably the two gens had great merits in the conquest of Laconia). The ancient Greeks have never formed a common state in which all could join together. Sparta had a very unique system of government. How did people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions affecting the community? Sparta was ruled by a small group of retired warriors. In the time between the 11th and 9th centuries BC Sparta was developed by uniting 4 neighboring villages (Pitane, Limnai, Mesoa, Kinosoura) and the city of Amikles. Therefore, they were always in the military preparedness. SH website uses cookies to improve user experience. The government of Sparta was harsh, however it was orderly and stable. Other Greek city states had an almost all militia army. In contrast, Sparta was more isolated. The Spartan political system was unusual in that it had two hereditary kings from two separate families. Democracy in Ancient Greece is most frequently associated with Athens where a complex system allowed for broad political participation by the free male citizens of the city-state. The emergence of poleis were influenced mainly by the following circumstances: the development of trade and commerce, the separation of crafts from the peasant economy, disintegration of clan-based communities, the class genesis and … Before mid-8th century BC Spartans won the remaining part of Laconia, and before the 6th century BC by severe and persistent struggles they occupied fertile Messene (Spartans led by King Theopompus occupied the land from Messenians led by Aristodemos). Their favorite form of government was the polis (city-state). Government in Ancient Sparta Supposedly formed by Lycurgus, the government in Sparta is very unique in that it is an Oligarchy; combining monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. How were the two city-states similar in their governmental structures? However, the Kings, Gerousia, Ephors, and Apella all play a different role within Spartan society. The kings were also priests of Zeus and they sat on the council of elders known as the gerousia. What rules governed the selection of public office holders? In the time between the 11th and 9th centuries BC Sparta was developed by uniting 4 neighboring villages (Pitane, Limnai, Mesoa, Kinosoura) and the city of Amikles. Unlike other Grecian kings, Spartan Kings had very little power and did not have an autocratic rule over day-to-day life. All this training paid off for the Spartans, though. Spartiates were the descendants of Dorian invaders and Perioikoi and Helots were representatives of the diverse populations found, conquered by Dorians and gave them a different conditions of life. The History of Sparta describes the destiny of the ancient Dorian Greek state known as Sparta from its beginning in the legendary period to its incorporation into the Achaean League under the late Roman Republic, as Allied State, in 146 BC, a period of roughly 1000 years. In this paper, we saw that Athens and Sparta were both Greek cities. The Ancient Greeks may be most famous for their ideas and philosophies on government and politics. But what was the ancient Greek democratic setup like, and how was it different from the other systems of governance which were followed in those days? Their other main function was to be the head court of justice, and would decide upon treasonous crimes by the citizens. But Sparta was very different from the other Greek … Southeastern branch of Peloponnese ending with peninsulas of Malea and Tainaron was the ancient Laconia. From this, the Gerousia is deemed a powerful level of government. Lacedaemonians : The inhabitants of the territory belonging to the Spartan state, the valley of the Eurotas River in s. central Peloponnese and other conquered territory (Messenia). Democracy is seemingly the result of the innovative thinking of the ancient Greeks. The political activities of the state were organized by four unique and distinct entities, which included the … QUESTION The history of government is largely one of warfare although certain other functions also emerged. Spartan government provided a life in which Spartans were offered few choices, instead, many choices would be made for them. Both Kings had jointly decided. If a baby was born with a deformity, it would be thrown off a cliff or left in the wilderness, following question. I have enough information on one paragraph about their military, and another on better rights, but I need details on describing why Sparta's government was better than the Athens' government. Perioikoi were on their territory engaged in farming, cattle breeding and handicraft. The new governing body was to be comprised of 30 Athenian aristocrats who always despised democracy and were in favor of oligarchy. What rules governed the selection of public office holders? The decisive Battle of Leuctrain 371 BCE ended the Spartan hegemony, although the city-state maintained its political independenceuntil the Roman conquest of … Their child was brought up with the parents until he was seven years old, and then he was sent to the state military nursery, collectively with other children. Year after year they switched to the new formation, until they were 22 years old when they left the Institute as a trained warriors. The Athenian form of electing a government was called Limited Democracy while the Spartan form was called oligarchy\" (rule by a few), but it had elements of monarchy (rule by kings), democracy (through the election of council/senators), and aristocracy (rule by the upper class or land owning class). ANCIENT HISTORY HSC NOTES- Spartan society to the Battle of Leuctra 371 BC The geographical setting: The geographical setting, natural features and resources of ancient Sparta, significant sites -Spartans were part of the Greek tribe called the Dorian’s who ruled of the area of Laconia in the southern Peloponnese.It was located at the head of a small but fertile river plain (River … These men were to be infamously known asthe Thirty Tyrants. How did they differ? History >> Ancient Greece. Principles of modern democracies rest on some of the basics of the ancient Athenian 'demokratia'. T… Spartans were suspicious outsiders and their ideas, Athenian and Spartans participation in public life The paper should be at least 500 words long with proper formatting and use of APA standards, Introduction The word democracy derives from the Greek dēmos which referred to the entire citizen body and although it is Athens which has become associated with the birth of democracy (demokratia) from around 460 BCE, other Greek states did establish a similar political system, notably, Argos, (briefly) Syracuse, Rhodes, and Erythrai.Athens is, however, the state we know most about. Initially the two Kings and the Gerousia were the most important powers in Spartan government, but over time the Ephors gained a lot more supremacy and dominance. It was located on a plain between mountains and the sea. Spartan life was simple, yet disciplined. Ancient Spartan government was a complex system of intertwined elements, which affected the power control. The oldest son inherited klaros, while other sons and daughters were uninsured. Athens was in central in Greece, and its location foster Athenians to look outward toward the world to the farther side of the city. Because of this, Sparta had the only full time army in all of Greece. Modern Greece: A History since 1821 (2009) excerpt and text search; Miller, James E. The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974 (2008) excerpt and text search; Pirounakis, N. G. The Greek Economy: Past, Present and Future (1997) Woodhouse, C. M. Modern Greece: A Short History (2000) excerpt and text search Spartan Government. In fact, the Spartans ma… ...Superior Spartan Oligarchy Superiority is defined as being of higher grade or quality. Athens and Sparta were two city states in Ancient Greece. Sparta took great pride in her citizens, who had a do-or-die approach in everything they did. How did they differ? The Ancient Greeks may be most famous for their ideas and philosophies on government and politics. Written Assignment Unit 1 They were asked to correspond short and concise (laconic response). It was located on a plain between mountains and the sea. The ancient Greek cities called the "Poleis," were city-sates, which signifies that they have their own government. The Spartan monarchy consisted of 2 kings which governed over Sparta. In the following paragraphs we are going to analyse the similarities and differences between government in the two city states and how it was organised. These monarchs were particularly powerful when one of them led the army on campaign. In addition to the kings, there were five ephors (magistrates) that were elected from aristocratic families. Commonly referred to as the “Spartans”, the warrior class, even caste, of Lacedaemon was but a small fraction of its total population. How did people in, CIVILIZATION Introduction states Athens and Sparta were two of the most powerful and considered in Greek history as the most influential states to western civilisation. They were the supreme commanders of the army. Other Greek cities set up democracies, most following the Athenian model, but none are as well documented as Athens' democracy. In order to achieve it, boys in military camp were modestly fed, laid on the hard bed, practiced bald, barefoot and naked. Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica.Athenian democracy is often described as the first known democracy in the world. The Spartan political mindset was war. Sparta’s war based culture is in nearly complete contrast to Athens’s philosophical, and artistic based culture. You know well ancient Greek cities, we call "Poleis," were city-sates, which mean they have their own government. In Athens: Heidenheim an der Brenz and Hellenstein Castle, Cnut the Great as King of England (1016-1035), Ostracism, political practice in ancient Athens, Neanderthal (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis), Valcamonica, Camunian prehistoric culture, Large number of bottles from 6 century discovered near Istanbul. The reason for this is that few people actually ruled Sparta, and their power or time in office was limited to avoid corruption. The city was ruled by two kings, and a 28-member Council of Elders limited their power. Helots were subdued residents of Lakonia and Messenia that Doric invaders and their descendants overcame and made their halfslaves or serfs. These two city states shared some common characteristics whilst in some instances they were very different from each other. According to legend, the king Lycurgus divided the Spartan country in 9000 parts, by population, so that each Spartiates had a chance to enjoy on one part of land (klaros). This body consisted of 28 over-60 years of age males who held the position for life. Helots lived in villages on Spartiaten country in Lakonia and Messenia. Each Spartiaten originally belonged to one of three phyle. Sparta and Athens had differences and similarities in the way they governed their city states, in how they established their military forces, how they treated women, their marriage customs and social gatherings We tend to look at the ancient Greek city-state of Spartaas being a warrior society, which it was, but also as less sophisticated than intellectual centers like Athens. The Greek City-State Ancient Greece was made up … How were the two city-states similar in their governmental structures? Sparta, ancient capital of the Laconia district of the southeastern Peloponnese, southwestern Greece. These city states worked to build a successful nation of freedom from outside rulers, in hopes of being a well-functioning society. The focus was on the Athens and Sparta. The Gerousia was a body whose position it was to prepare and debate bills, which were then passed on to the lower levels of government. How did people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions, Introduction. However, there are many characteristics that set them apart. A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution or organization or a country, in which all members have an equal share of power. Benefits about the Spartan government? Its coast faced the Aegean Sea, Asia Minor and … Sparta was a powerful city-state in ancient Greece. A brief history of Greece ... and by making Greek a central feature of their education system ensured that Greek achievement would be handed on to us today. Athens and Sparta were both Greek cities. Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War(between 431 and 404 BCE),from which it emerged victorious. the spartan government tried, would ensure that a boy would conform to system, controlled by eirenes to act a violent way, had to stay in army and couldn't live with wives but had to stay in mess. The laws of Ur-Nammu and Hammurabi were noteworthy achievements. Aristotle, in "On the Lacedaemonian Constitution"—a section of The Politics—says that some claim Sparta's system of government included monarchical, oligarchic and democratic components. Athens was the birthplace of modern democracy, after all. As a country, they were collectively owned by the state and served to individual Spartiates who worked on the land. Perioikoi were free citizens in Lacedaemonian state who lived in Sparta as craftsmen and traders, and were considered as foreigners, and on their own territory (perioikis) outside of Sparta they had the autonomous towns and villages. Apartheid Becomes Law . The Spartiates were the only full citizens and they owned the majority of the fertile land in Laconia and later Messenia which the helot… Sparta had three levels of government; the Kings’, the Gerousia, the Ephors and the Ekklesia, each having their own requirements, limitations and powers. In many ways, ancient Sparta was a communist state, with the lack of luxuries, other Grecian states enjoyed and the strict control for equality but was complicated with the almost religious need for a democratic vote. In many ways, ancient Sparta was a communist state, with the lack of luxuries, other Grecian states enjoyed and the strict control for equality but was complicated with the almost religious need for a democratic vote. And while the Athenian democracy has been able to become somewhat of a staple in modern society, in its time, it was the Spartan’s oligarchic system that allowed them to create such a strong society. government wanted a professional, highly trained army of hoplites. Shame was to show the slightest sign of pain. Spartiates were connected by the common interest, and the most – fear of the oppressed helots. According to legend the most famous Lakedemonians were children of Zeus and Leda: Helen, Clytemnestra (wife of Agamemnon, Electra and Orestes mother) and the twins Castor and Pollux. Republic, form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body. Xenophon, a philosopher and historian who lived from the late 400s to mid-300s B.C., noted that one purpose was to keep them slim, which Lycurgus, the founder of the Spartan system… From the old Athenian society that was divided only into three large groups "men. Its most productive part was the valley between the river Eurotas, between the massifs of Taygetus and Parnon. A brief history of Greece ... and by making Greek a central feature of their education system ensured that Greek achievement would be handed on to us today. Though the agoge was a harsh and strict education and training system, it must be remembered that it was vital, keeping in mind the turbulent times where battles and military campaigns were a regular part of the daily lives of the Spartans. They paid big taxes to the state. The term Ancient, or Archaic, Greece refers to the years 700-480 B.C., not the Classical Age (480-323 B.C.) Sparta has had two rulers in recent times, who ruled until they died. In the nursery, children were according to age and the phyle placed in classes and troops. In order to qualify for the military and military statesmanship function, Spartiates were from early childhood prepared for this special education. Athens was in central in Greece, and its location encouraged Athenians to look outward toward the world beyond the city. AGOGE "Training" The Spartan name for their system of physical, social, intellectual and moral education of the citizen. Spartiates were Lakedaimonios, residents of the Sparta, landowners and warriors who had all the power in Lacedaemonian country. Law forbade all Spartan males from any occupation other than that of being a soldier. SPARTA GOVERNMENT Sparta was ruled by two kings. Rich grave of a warrior or priest from Bronze age unearthed... Secret passage and skeleton from Hittite period founding in Turkey. Deciding against razing the city to the ground and sending the entire population into slavery, as was suggested by the Corinthians, Sparta opted instead to shape the city into a mirror image of itself. The Lacedaemonian [Spartan] constitution is defective in another point; I … In comparison to that, Sparta was more separated from others. Spartan kings had royal reputation, first places in all, holding the biggest portion of lands. How could Sparta compete with that? Here are some intriguing facts on ancient Greek administration. Modern Greece: A History since 1821 (2009) excerpt and text search; Miller, James E. The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974 (2008) excerpt and text search; Pirounakis, N. G. The Greek Economy: Past, Present and Future (1997) Woodhouse, C. M. Modern Greece: A Short History (2000) excerpt and text search Attica had a field, which provided a modest living conditions of farming and animal husbandry. Before mid-8th century BC Spartans won the remaining part of Laconia, and before the 6th century BC by severe and persistent struggles they occupied fertile Messene (Spartans led by King Theopompus occupied the land from … How did people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions affecting the community? I was assigned to do a persuasive essay about which civilization I feel is better and I chose Sparta. Through the following questions we will try to go into detail in what way they were organized and how they worked, who could be part of political life and how they carried it out. Being a member of this particular government was considered to be prestigious and ensured the high status of the Spartiate as the position carried on until the death of the individual. This defeat of Spartan navy was followed by the expulsion of the Spartan harmosts (military governor) throughout the Aegean and … Government - Government - Greece: The Phoenician example was followed by the Greeks, originally Indo-European nomads who gradually made their way south to the Aegean and there took to the sea. On the other hand, the ruler of Athens is elected annually. The two city states had varied approaches in their desire for successful governments. It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that democracy was first conceived and used as a primary form of government. Athens was a democracy and Sparta was a form of aristocracy, organization of the ancient Greece city-states Sparta and Athens of are very similar to those existing today. Spartan Classes population of Lacedaemonian state was divided from the oldest time in three classes:Spartiates (the upper class), Perioikoi (The Middle Class) and Helots (The Lower Class and some slaves). Before the end of the second millennium, Dorians conquered most of the Laconia and founded their settlements. Both city states have gone through various cycles of wars, reforms, social upheaval and unrests, and each of these elements has had influenced the development of the governmental systems that we have bettered or inherited today. 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